Don Thornton in his book Apple Parers devotes Chapter 10 to the makers of early parers. Some of these early parers are marked with a makers name, but most are not. Thornton places early parers into five categories that include: Direct Drive, Belt Drive, Cord Drive, Wooden Pegs and Teeth, and Cast-Iron Pegs and Gears. The parer in these videos is a hand forged direct drive parer.