Keyes

Horatio Keyes (1830-1904) of Leominster, Massachusetts patented and manufactured the first simple turntable parer (Keyes, 1856). The parer is marked with a June 17, 1856 patent date for the cutter head and a December 16, 1856 patent date for the turntable design.

Keyes assigned his patent to the firm of Lockey and Howland c1857 (J. D. Seagrave v H. Keys (sic)). John H. Lockey (1822-1890) and William M. Howland (1817-1874) manufactured this same basic design embossed with their name and experimented with at least two designs known as the small and large wheel versions.

Lockey and Howland branded the machine as the Patent Turn-Table Apple Parer. Lockey bought out Howland in 1866 and continued to make the parers until 1869 (Emerson, 1888, p. 257). David Harvey Goodell (1834-1915) started making the parers in 1869 and registered a trade-mark for the term Turn-Table on July 29, 1873 (Thornton, 1997, p. 57).

Goodell made mutliple variations of the parer including split-frame designs all of which retained the the Lockey and Howland embossing. It was not unitl he inverted the design to create the '98 that he dropped the Lockey and Howland embossing.

References

Emerson, W. A. 1888. Leominster Massachusetts Historical and Picturesque. Gardner, Massachusetts, Lithotype Publishing Co.

J. D. Seagrave v Keys (sic), Interference File for patent 16240, National Archives Kansas City, Missouri.

Keyes, H., inventor; 1856 June 17. Machine for Paring Apples. US15133.

Keyes, H., inventor; 1856 Dec. 16. Machine for Paring Apples. US16240.

Thornton, D. 1997. Apple Parers. Sunnyvale, California: Off Beat Books.